TFL Vsebine / Revija Pravnik

7

Evropska unija (EU) kljub očitnemu staranju lastnega prebivalstva in pomanjkanju delovne sile v svojih državah članicah naraščajoče število migrantov v EU vse bolj obravnava tudi kot varnostno tveganje. Z namenom preprečevati nezakonite vstope na ozemlje EU je sklenila več pravnih in političnih sporazumov s tretjimi državami. Pri tem se med drugim postavlja vprašanje, koliko je ureditev iz teh sporazumov skladna z obveznostmi EU in njenih članic na področju človekovih pravic, zlasti univerzalno priznanih ekonomskih in socialnih pravic. Ta članek se osredotoča na dogovore, sklenjene po letu 2015 s Turčijo, Tunizijo in Mavretanijo, saj se leto 2015 pogosto označuje kot tako imenovani vrhunec migracijske krize v EU, ti dogovori pa so bili v javnosti predvsem z vidika zagotavljanja človekovih pravic najbolj kritizirani. V tem kontekstu avtorici analizirata, ali je EU pri sklepanju teh sporazumov ustrezno upoštevala, da je treba migrantom zagotoviti vsaj minimalni standard spoštovanja univerzalno priznanih ekonomskih in socialnih pravic. Avtorici opozarjata tudi na pristojnosti institucij EU za sklenitev takih mednarodnih pogodb in možnost njihove sodne presoje v EU.

The European Union (EU), despite the evident ageing of its own population and the shortage of labour in its Member States, is increasingly treating the growing number of migrants within the EU as a security risk. In order to prevent illegal entry into EU territory, it has concluded a series of legal and political agreements with third countries. This raises, among other things, the question of the extent to which the provisions in these agreements are consistent with the obligations of the EU and its Member States in the field of human rights, in particular universally recognised economic and social rights. This article focuses on the agreements concluded after 2015 with Turkey, Tunisia and Mauritania, as 2015 is often referred to as the peak of the so-called migration crisis in the EU, and these agreements have been the most publicly criticised, especially from the perspective of ensuring human rights. In this context, the article analyses whether the EU, when concluding these agreements, duly took into account the need to ensure at least a minimum standard of respect for migrants’ universally recognised economic and social rights. The article also draws attention to the powers of EU institutions to conclude such international treaties and the possibility of their judicial review within the EU.

Respect for Economic and Social Rights of Migrants in the Conclusion of Migration Agreements between the EU and Third Countries