TFL Vsebine / Revija SIR*IUS

Accounting view of debt to equity transaction

Konverzija terjatev v kapital dolžnika je korporacijska transakcija, po kateri dotedanji upniki svoje terjatve prenesejo na dolžnika zaradi povečanja kapitala dolžnika. Čeprav gre za transakcijo, ki jo v razmerju do družbe izvedejo lastniki, je IASB v Pojasnilu OPMSRP 19 zaključil, da gre za transakcijo zaradi poravnave dolgov v obliki kapitalskih instrumentov družbe. Razlika med pošteno vrednostjo izdanih kapitalskih instrumentov in odplačno vrednostjo dolgov dolžnika se pripozna v izkazu poslovnega izida. V tem prispevku podrobneje analiziramo konverzijo terjatev v kapital dolžnika tako z vidika ZFPPIPP-ja kot ZGD-1, v sklepu pa je lasten pogled na zaključke v OPMSRP 19. Čeprav SRS 2016 nimajo izrecnih določb glede tega vprašanja, je davčni organ s pojasnilom že privzel vsebino OPMSRP 19 kot razlago za obravnavo takih transakcij tudi za uporabnike SRS-jev.

Conversion of debt to equity is a corporate transaction under which the former creditors transfer their claims to the debtor and increase the debtor's equity. Although this is a transaction carried out by owners in relation to the company, the IASB in the IFRIC 19 concluded that it is a transaction with a view to settle debts by issuing equity instruments to the creditors. The difference between the fair value of the issued equity instruments and the amortized cost of the debt is recognized in the P&L. In this article, we analyze in detail, both in terms of the Slovenian Financial Operations, Insolvency Proceedings and Compulsory Winding-up Act (ZFPPIPP) and the Slovenian Companies Act (ZGD-1), the conversion of debt to equity and conclude with our own view of the IFRIC 19 conclusions. Although the current Slovenian Accounting Standards (SRS 2016) contain no explicit provisions on this issue, the Tax Authorities have already adopted the content of the IFRIC 19 as an explanation for the treatment of such transactions also for the users of the SRS.