TFL Vsebine / Revija Pravnik

5

Nasledstvo držav pomeni, da ena država nadomesti drugo v odgovornosti za mednarodne odnose konkretnega ozemlja. Ob vsakršni ozemeljski spremembi se postavi vprašanje, ali pravice in obveznosti, povezane s tem ozemljem, izginejo ali pa se prenesejo na državo, na katero je prešlo ozemlje. Starejše mednarodnopravne teorije so zavračale možnost nasledstva pravic in obveznosti, kar ni veljalo zgolj glede mednarodne odgovornosti, temveč tudi glede preostalih materij nasledstva. Moderna praksa pa kaže, da so te teorije danes zaradi drugačne prakse preživete. Kljub temu številni mednarodnopravni strokovnjaki zavračajo možnost nasledstva mednarodne odgovornosti, kar utemeljujejo s pravilom prava mednarodne odgovornosti, da »vsako mednarodno protipravno ravnanje države sproži mednarodno odgovornost te države«. Ker država naslednica ni »ta država« v smislu navedenega pravila, se zdi, da pravo mednarodne odgovornosti onemogoča, da bi država naslednica nasledila mednarodno odgovornost. Članek na osnovi temeljnih izhodišč prava mednarodne odgovornosti in prava nasledstva držav prikaže, da pravo mednarodne odgovornosti dopušča možnosti, da država naslednica odgovarja za protipravna ravnanja, izvršena pred datumom nasledstva.

Succession of states means the replacement of a state by another in the responsibility for the international relations of a particular territory. In the event of any territorial change, the question arises as to whether the rights and obligations associated with that territory disappear or are transferred to the state to which the territory has been transferred. Older international legal theories rejected the possibility of succession of rights and obligations, which applied not only to international responsibility but also to other matters of succession. Mo- dern practice, however, shows, that many of these theories are now redundant due to a different practice. Nevertheless, significant number of international law experts reject the possibility of succession to international responsibility and justify this with a rule of the law of international responsibility that “every internationally wrongful act of a State entails the international responsibility of that State”. Since the successor state is not that state within the meaning of the rule, the law of international responsibility appears to place an impenetrable wall in front of the possibility of the successor state succeeding to international responsibility. Based on the basic principles of the law of international responsibility and the law of succession of states, the article demonstrates that the law of international responsibility allows for the possibility for the successor State to be responsible for illegal acts committed before the date of the succession.

Responsibility of the Successor State for Internationally Wrongful Acts Committed Before the Date of Succession