TFL Vsebine / Pravni letopis

Prispevek obravnava vprašanja medsebojne vezanosti na odločbe sodišč v civilnih zadevah. Čeprav se lahko zdi, da so enake odločitve v podobnih zadevah nujnost, ki pogojuje zaupanje v sistem sojenja oziroma je odsev težnje po predvidljivosti sodnih odločb, je to v bistvu izjema, osredotočena na predhodna vprašanja in na intervencijski učinek. Ta vezanost je praviloma pogojena s tem, da se je imela stranka, ki naj jo neka odločitev veže, v postopku sprejemanja te odločitve možnost izreči oziroma v tem postopku sodelovati. Pogoste so sicer situacije, ko je vezanost le navidezna, ker gre le za identična odločilna dejanska vprašanja, kjer pa je vpliv pravnomočne odločitve ali dejanske ugotovitve le tolikšen, kolikor je ta prepričljivo argumentirana, upoštevajoč morebitno različno trditveno in dokazno ponudbo. Nujnost enotne odločitve (vezanost) lahko terja materialnopravna narava razmerja, a jo je včasih procesno težko zagotoviti. Obravnavana so še nasprotujoča si ravnanja iste stranke v več različnih postopkih, kar se lahko prepreči prek instituta prepovedi zlorabe pravic.

This article tackles the multifaceted question of interdependence of judgments in civil proceedings in view of the desired predictability of judicial decisions. Although it might seem that conformable decisions (or interdependent judgments) in similar civil matters are a necessity and help build the confidence in the judicial system they are in fact the exception, focused on preliminary questions and the so called intervention effect. This interdependence is generally subject to the condition that the party who is to be bound by a decision from another case had had the opportunity to participate in the process of adopting that decision. More frequent are situations where there is no formal linkage although the relevant facts and issues are identical; the influence of a final decision is then limited to the persuasiveness of its arguments, taking into account the possible difference of pleading and proof submitted by the parties. The requirement of conformable decisions (interdependent judgments) may be required by the nature of the substantive relationships in question, although it is sometimes difficult to ensure. Contradictory action of the same party in different cases can be prevented by the proper application of the general principle against the abuse of rights (venire contra factum proprium).

Interdependence of Judgments in Civil Proceedings