TFL Vsebine / Revija Pravnik

3

Položaj zaposlenih v zasebnih vojaških in varnostnih podjetjih (ZVVP) v mednarodnem pravu oboroženih spopadov je kompleksen in nedorečen, saj se njihov pravni status določa individualno, odvisno od narave njihovega dela in intenzitete sodelovanja z državo. Razjasnitev tega statusa je pomembna predvsem zaradi spoštovanja mednarodnega prava ter regulacije dejavnosti ZVVP. Uslužbenci ZVVP se lahko štejejo za borce ali civiliste, odvisno od njihove vloge in načina sodelovanja v oboroženih spopadih. Le izjemoma, ob izpolnitvi določenih pogojev, bi jih lahko šteli za plačance. Na njihov status vpliva tudi povezanost z oboroženimi silami države. Pomembno je razlikovanje med neposrednimi dejanji, usmerjenimi v škodovanje sovražniku, in posrednimi dejavnostmi, ki jih izvajajo v podporo vojaškim operacijam. Presoja stopnje vpletenosti posameznika v sovražnosti mora upoštevati kontekst, namen in posledice njegovih dejanj ter stremeti k iskanju ravnotežja med zaščito civilistov in vojaškimi potrebami.

The position of employees of Private Military and Security Companies (PMSCs) in international humanitarian law is complex and vague, as their legal status is determined on an individual basis, depending on the nature of their work and the intensity of their cooperation with the State. Legal clarification of this status is important due to the observance of international humanitarian law and the regulation of activities of the PMSCs. PMSC employees can be considered either as combatants or civilians, depending on their role and the manner in which they participate in armed conflicts. Only exceptionally, if certain conditions are met, could they be considered mercenaries. Their status is also influenced by their affiliation with and the level of their integration into the State’s armed forces. It is important to distinguish between direct actions aimed at causing damage to the enemy and indirect activities carried out in support of military operations. The assessment of an individual’s level of involvement in hostilities must take into account the context, purpose and consequences of his actions and strive to find a balance between the protection of civilians and military needs.

Privatisation of Contemporary Armed Conflicts Through Private Military and Security Companies: Is the Existing International Legal Framework Adequate?