TFL Vsebine / Revija Javna uprava

Podzemni prostor se vse pogosteje obravnava kot rešitev za pomanjkanje prostora in za premagovanje naravnih ovir, pri tem pa nastajajo večje količine pridobljenega naravno prisotnega materiala. Ker je ta večinoma sestavljen iz mineralnih sestavin, se odpirajo številne priložnosti za zmanjševanje skupnega vpliva rabe naravnih virov in izboljšanje njene učinkovitosti. Njegova pravna opredelitev je bistvena podlaga, ki v nadaljevanju oblikuje celoten okvir pravnih posledic za imetnika. Pravno ga lahko opredelimo vsaj na štiri temeljne načine: kot mineralno surovino, stranski proizvod, odpadek ali pa kot sekundarno surovino, ki je po končanju predelave prenehala biti odpadek. V razmerju med temi pojmi prihaja do nekaterih konceptualnih nejasnosti. Prispevek pojasnjuje te pravne opredelitve ter obravnava osrednje težave in nekatera odprta pravna vprašanja, ki se pojavljajo v zvezi z njimi. Avtorja zatrjujeta, da ukrepi na področju ravnanja z odpadki doslej niso zadovoljivo pripomogli k doseganju postavljenih ciljev, kot so najmanj 70-odstotna priprava za ponovno uporabo, recikliranje in snovna uporaba gradbenih odpadkov ter odpadkov pri rušenju objektov glede na maso. Hkrati menita, da bi se lahko to spremenilo, če bi pojasnili nekatere nejasnosti ter oblikovali merila za stranske proizvode in prenehanje statusa odpadka za predelane odpadke mineralnega izvora.

Underground space is increasingly viewed as a solution to land shortages and as a means of overcoming natural barriers, leading to the extraction of ever-larger volumes of naturally occurring material. Because this material consists primarily of mineral substances, its extraction offers numerous opportunities to lessen the overall impact of natural resource use and to improve resource efficiency. A clear legal definition of the material underpins the entire framework of legal consequences. Legally, extracted material may be classified in at least four primary ways: as a mineral resource, a by-product, waste, or a secondary raw material that has ceased to be waste. However, the boundaries between these concepts are conceptually ambiguous. This contribution examines the key issues surrounding the legal classification of extracted material and the unresolved legal questions that arise, particularly in relation to national legislation and EU Waste Framework Directive. The authors claim that, to date, waste-management measures have not satisfactorily achieved the stated targets—namely, the preparation for reuse, recycling, and material recovery of at least 70 percent by weight of construction and demolition waste. They argue that progress could be made if these ambiguities were resolved and clear criteria established for recognising by-products and for ending waste status in the case of processed mineral waste.

Tunnel Construction and Legal Status of Extracted Naturally Occurring Material