TFL Vsebine / Revija Javna uprava

Vročanje je eden od nenehno perečih institutov upravnega procesnega prava, naj bo po ZUP ali področnih zakonih, saj brez pravilne vročitve pravni učinki vodenih postopkov in izdanih aktov v upravnih zadevah in tudi pri smiselni rabi ZUP v drugih javnopravnih postopkih ne nastopijo ali so odloženi. Zato v praksi ne zmanjka dilem, ki se pojavljajo kot nove, čeprav gre pravzaprav skoraj vedno za ista, torej stara vprašanja, tako glede konkretnih podvprašanj, na primer kdaj in katere akte vročati po ZUP, komu vročati (strankam, stranskim udeležencem, različnim pooblaščencem), izbor pravilnega načina in kraja vročanja (na primer kdaj javno naznanilo), problematika fikcij (katere poznamo in kdaj (ne) nastanejo na primer pri osebnem vročanju), posebej vročanja v tujino, tek rokov in uporaba pravnih sredstev itd., kot konteksta njihove razlage. Avtorja analizirata sodne primere iz zadnjih let, pri čemer podajata nekaj sistemskih ugotovitev in vodil za pravilno rabo ZUP o vročanju. Še tako odlično izpeljan postopek in pripravljen osnutek akta sta brez vrednosti, če ne pride do vročitve, ki zadosti namenu seznanitve zaradi varstva pravic naslovnika in zagotavljanja učinkovite obrambe pred posegi države. Zato sicer ni prav formalizirano razlagati pravil, toda zlasti pri fikcijah vročitev ni prostora za bližnjice, ker recimo zasledujejo ekonomski interes oblasti znižanja stroškov, ko ne sledijo standardom poštenega postopka.

Service or delivery is one of the constantly pressing institutes of administrative procedural law, according to the Slovenian Administrative Procedure Act (ZUP) or sectoral laws, since without proper service the legal effects of procedures and issued acts in administrative matters, as well as the ones based on the mutatis mutandis use of ZUP in other public law procedures, do not occur or are postponed. Therefore, in practice, there is no lack of dilemmas that arise as new ones, although they are traditional, e.g. when and by what acts should they be served by the ZUP, to whom to serve (parties, accessory participant, foreign participants, proxies), the choice of the correct way and place of service, the problems of fictions, specifically serving abroad, passing deadlines and the use of legal remedies, as the context of their interpretation. The authors analyse case law from the recent years and provide some systematic findings thereof. Even the excellent procedure and the prepared draft act are worthless if there is no service that meets the purpose of notification with the purpose of protecting the rights of the addressee and ensuring effective defence against state authority. Therefore, the rules should not be interpreted too formally, yet especially in the case of fictions, there is no room for shortcuts because they are, for instance, pursuing the economic interest of the authorities to cut costs, that do not follow the standards of a fair procedure.

New and Old Dilemmas on the Delivery in Public Law/Administrative Procedures