TFL Vsebine / Revija Pravnik

11

V Sloveniji je zagotovljena pravica do enakega obravnavanja kot temeljna, ustavno priznana človekova pravica. Načelna prepoved diskriminacije velja tudi za osebe z invalidnostjo in je skladna s Konvencijo o pravicah oseb z invalidnostjo (MKPI), katere pogodbenica je Slovenija. Konvencija Slovenijo zavezuje, da osebam z invalidnostjo zagotovi tudi pravico do sodelovanja v političnem in javnem življenju, vključno z aktivno in pasivno volilno pravico. S spremembo Zakona o volitvah v državni zbor (ZVDZ) iz leta 2024 je Slovenija uzakonila enako volilno pravico za osebe z invalidnostjo. Do te spremembe je ZVDZ omogočal odvzem volilne pravice tem osebam, čeprav Ustava Republike Slovenije v 43. členu določa, da je volilna pravica splošna in enaka, in ne vsebuje določb, ki bi napotovale na zakonsko ureditev omejitve ali odvzema volilne pravice. Eden poglavitnih argumentov, ki govorijo v korist odpravi odvzema volilne pravice osebam z invalidnostjo, je, da je – ker je tudi Evropska unija zavezana spoštovati MKPI – nujno tudi Listino EU o temeljnih pravicah in Pogodbo o delovanju Evropske unije razlagati skladno z MKPI tako, da odvzem volilne pravice pomeni neposredno diskriminacijo. Na to opozarja tudi Agencija EU za temeljne pravice. Možnost odvzema volilne pravice osebam z invalidnostjo so odpravile številne članice EU. Prispevek zajema poglobljeno analizo argumentov, utemeljeno na slovenskem pravu, pravu EU in mednarodnem pravu, ki govorijo v korist in proti odpravi odvzema volilne pravice osebam z invalidnostjo po veljavnem slovenskem pravu.

The Slovenian legal system guarantees the right to equal treatment as a fundamental, constitutionally recognised human right. The principle of prohibition of discrimination extends to persons with disabilities and complies with the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), to which Slovenia is a party. The Convention obliges Slovenia to ensure that persons with disabilities enjoy the right to participate in political and public life, including the rights to vote and to stand as candidates. With the 2024 amendment of the National Assembly Election Act, Slovenia has enabled persons with disabilities to enjoy equal voting rights. Prior to this amendment, the act permitted the deprivation of the these persons’ right to vote, despite Article 43 of the Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia stipulating that the right to vote is general and equal, and making no reference to the legal regulation of restricting or depriving this right. A key argument for abolishing the deprivation of voting rights for persons with disabilities is the need to comply with the European Union’s commitment to the CRPD. This requires interpreting the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union in a manner that regard deprivation of the right to vote as direct discrimination. This perspective is supported by the EU Agency for Fundamental Rights. Many EU Member States have already abolished the possibility of depriving disabled persons of their right to vote. This paper includes an in-depth analysis of arguments based on Slovenian law, EU law, and international law, both supporting and opposing the abolition of the deprivation of voting rights for persons with disabilities in Slovenian law.

The Right of Persons with Disabilities to Vote in Slovenian Legislation—It is about Equal Treatment