TFL Vsebine / Revija Pravnik

7

Namen članka je odgovoriti na vprašanje, zakaj pomorski prevoznik za škode na tovoru ali za škodo, ki jo utrpijo potniki še danes odgovarja drugače, kot to velja za druge prevozne panoge. Pomorski prevoznik pri prevozu potnikov in prtljage z izjemo držav članic Evropske unije in malega števila drugih držav uživa režim subjektivne odgovornosti z nekaterimi posebnostmi. Drugače je odgovornost urejena v letalskem, železniškem in cestnem prevozu, v katerem je odgovornost prevoznika objektivna. Pri prevozu tovora niti v teoriji še ni resnih razprav, da bi odgovornost pomorskega prevoznika po temelju izenačili z drugimi prevoznimi panogami. Ko poskušamo najti vzroke za to razliko v ureditvi, ki jo najdemo tako v mednarodnih pogodbah kot tudi v nacionalnih zakonodajah, nimamo lahke naloge. Avtorji knjig in znanstvenih člankov po svetu tako stanje zapišejo kot dejstvo, z razlogi zanj pa se ne ukvarjajo. Ali obstaja resen in opravičljiv razlog za tako posebno ureditev odgovornosti v pomorskem prevozu ali je to zgolj posledica trenutnega ravnotežja moči udeležencev v pomorskem prevozu ali celo zgodovinski relikt? Ta članek je nastal zato, da bi odgovoril na to intrigantno vprašanje.

The purpose of this paper is to answer the question: Why is there a different liability of the carrier in maritime carriage of passengers and goods in comparison to other transport modes? Except in the EU Member States and a few other countries, a maritime carrier’s liability for damages that were suffered by passengers is fault. There is a different, stricter, liability of the carrier in air, rail and road transport. No serious discussions regarding the maritime carrier’s liability in terms of bringing about unity with the other means of transport have been held, nor any theories in that regard put forth. Determining the cause of this exception for the maritime sector’s liability is a difficult task. Scholars worldwide record the situation without any apparent investigation into its origin. Is there a serious and justifiable reason for such a special liability regime for maritime transport or is this merely a consequence of the current balance of power of players in maritime transport, or perhaps even an historical relict? This article was prepared in order to provide an answer to this intriguing question.

Why does a Carrier in Maritime Carriage of Passengers and Goods Enjoy a Different Liability Regime in Comparison to Carriers in other Transport Modes